3/20/2023 0 Comments Leica acquire mohavecalifornicus colonies potentially represent long-term associations of unrelated family groups, containing multiple unrelated queens and their mixed-paternity offspring. However, the possibility of additional queen adoption in adult colonies (secondary polygyny) is not excluded. These findings, when examined with previous data demonstrating that pleometrosis leads to polygynous colonies in the laboratory, strongly suggest that the same occurs in nature. Queens from all three focal populations engage in relatively high levels of polyandry. Nuclear microsatellites and mtDNA barcoding indicate significant structure between focal populations. We demonstrate a correlation between pleometrosis in incipient colonies and polygyny in adult colonies at the population level. With few possible exceptions, queens within pleometrotic associations are unrelated. We additionally measure queen mating frequency (polyandry) across focal populations. To better understand this variation in social phenotype, we estimate relatedness among co-foundresses, measure the frequency of polygyny in adult colonies across three focal populations, and assess population genetic structure between populations. However, in one known population, cooperation between queens during colony founding (pleometrosis) occurs, and is suspected to persist to the mature colony stage (primary polygyny). Most populations show the likely ancestral condition of single-queen colonies (monogyny). The California seed harvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus exhibits striking differences in queen behavior and colony organization throughout its range. califomicus group species have 7-8 mandibular teeth (six in Pogonomyrmex anzensis) and the cephalic rugae almost always converge posterior to the eyes or form circumocular whorls. califomicus group species based on a unique combination of characters that include: (1) six mandibular teeth (very rarely with a small seventh denticle), and (2) in side view, the cephalic rugae extend more or less directly to the vertex and do not converge posterior to the eyes or form circumocular whorls. Pogonomyrmex mohavensis can be separated from other P. mohavensis are also provided, along with an updated key to Pogonomyrmex califomicus group species that occur in central and western North America. Field observations and a distribution map for P. mohavensis, and inferred that it is most closely related to Pogonomyrmex snellingi. A mitochondrial phylogeny affirmed taxonomie validity of P. is described from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada, USA.
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